Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that activates the brain’s reward center during pleasurable activities.
Optimal dopamine function is involved in many aspects of health, including memory, movement, motivation, mood, attention, sleep, arousal, learning, and lactation.
What is dopamine and what are its functions?
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (= chemical messenger) that is produced in large concentrations during pleasurable activities such as when eating sugar or junk food, having sex, or participating in fun and enjoyable down-time activities like spending time in nature or engaging in a favorite hobby. Dopamine is released during these times as a reward for engaging in the activities necessary for survival and reproduction such as eating, drinking, and competing.
Inhibitory versus excitatory neurotransmittor:
Dopamine can act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which blocks a signal, or it can act as an neurotransmitter, which stimulates a signal. Whether dopamine acts as an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter depends on which types of receptors are present on its target, which might be a neuron, another cell, tissue, or organ.
Dopamine helps people remember pleasurable experiences. Thus, dopamine plays a role in cravings for food, drugs, and nicotine in susceptible individuals. The sharp increase in dopamine that occurs when using some recreational drugs reinforces the brain to remember the experience and all the routines and cues associated with drug use. An example of this is the urge to smoke while driving or after lunch.
Fight-or-Flight stress response:
Dopamine is one of three catecholamines (the other ones are norepinephrine and epinephrine), neurotransmitters that can function as hormones and are involved in the fight-or-flight stress response.
Although norepinephrine has garnered the lion’s share of attention in regards to the stress response, dopamine also plays a role in how the body responds to stress and it can influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. 1,2
Acute stress generally leads to activation of the dopamine system followed by a subsequent decrease in dopamine that can lead to feelings of unhappiness. 1 Researchers find a significant association between everyday stress and cravings for various substances (e.g. cocaine and amphetamine), which activate the dopamine system. 1
How and where is dopamine produced?
Dopamine contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Like all monoamines, dopamine is derived from aromatic amino acids, specifically the biochemical conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine to dopamine in a series of steps.
Dopamine is then converted to other monoamine neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and then epinephrine.
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are synthesized in the catecholamine pathway. Phenylalanine is the precursor amino acid for the catecholamines. In a series of biochemical steps, phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, and finally epinephrine. Cofactors work with enzymes to synthesize the neurotransmitters and break them down.
Where do we find dopamine in the body?
Dopamine is made in the adrenal glands, where it modulates aldosterone and serves as a precursor to norepinephrine. 3 It is most famously produced in the CNS in the midbrain, where it is made in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta. 4
Neurons from these areas give origin to three main pathways, the nigrostriatal, the mesolimbocortical, and the tuberoinfundibular. As central dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, peripheral dopamine is minimal but does circulate in the blood stream where it affects blood flow as a vasodilator. 19 Dopamine receptors are found in the kidneys, pancreas, lungs, and blood vessels outside of the central nervous system. 5 In fact, renal dopamine regulates sodium extraction and electrolyte balance, and renal dopamine production or dopamine receptor function may support healthy blood pressure. 5
What is dopamine's role in the body?
Dopamine is involved in memory, movement, motivation, mood, attention, sleep, arousal, and learning. It plays a role in the stress response. Dopamine is critical to both the ability to learn and motivation. 6 This is a complicated biological process as target cells must be able to differentiate whether increased dopamine is a signal to learn or move. 6
In addition to its role in cognition, dopamine has a number of important physiological actions elsewhere in the body. These include: 3,7
Healthy dopamine levels also support neuromotor coordination and movement.
How does dopamine interact with other hormones?
Dopamine works together with other catecholamines. Optimal dopamine levels are required for the production of norepinephrine, as dopamine is a precursor of this catecholamine. Sex and stress hormones can also interact with dopamine. For example, testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol each impact dopamine neurotransmission in the brains of adolescents and adults and this interaction can therefore affect psychiatric health. 17 Low dopamine levels can increase prolactin. Dopamine promotes growth hormone and reduces thyroid stimulating hormone. Insulin resistance, or high insulin levels, can increase dopamine levels.
How Can We Naturally Support Dopamine?
Dopamine Supplements
Amino acid supplements are an option for people who want to support their dopamine levels. The amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are used by the body to make dopamine.
In addition, L-theanine, an amino acid derived from green tea, may increase dopamine levels in the brain.
Mucuna pruriens, known also as velvet bean, is a direct source of L-dopa and can be used supplementally to support healthy dopamine levels.
Nutritional supplements containing vitamins and minerals can help to balance levels of dopamine.
The vitamin or mineral cofactors needed to make and remove dopamine from the nervous system include:
Vitamin D may promote the health of dopaminergic neurons and support optimum dopamine levels. 18
Foods and Dopamine:
Eating foods that boost dopamine levels is another strategy.
These foods include:
Almonds, Apples, Avocadoes, Bananas, Beets, Chocolate, Fava beans, Green leafy vegetables, Green tea, Lima beans, Oatmeal, Oranges, Peas, Pumpkin seeds, Sesame, Tomatoes, Turmeric, Watermelon, Wheat germ
Lifestyle:
Enjoyable and relaxing activities can raise dopamine levels.
These types of activities include:
Exercise, Massage, Meditation, Participating in a favorite hobby, Playing with a pet, Reading a book, Walking in nature, Yoga
References:
What happens when dopamine is out of balance?
When dopamine levels are balanced, emotions are more stable. Balanced dopamine leads to a sense of well-being and motivation, alertness, and focus. Conversely, dopamine deficiency can lead to feelings of sadness, lack of concentration, and lack of motivation. Both high and low levels of dopamine can lead to problems in the body.
High dopamine levels are associated with: 3,11
A number of factors can cause dopamine deficiency or excess. These include: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Furthermore, recreational drug use can alter the brain’s reward system by damaging dopamine receptors. As a person uses more and more of a recreational drug, the brain’s reward center becomes less sensitive to the point that only the drug is strong enough to elicit enough dopamine to generate a pleasurable response. Previously pleasurable experiences don’t release enough dopamine for a reward response any longer. Therefore, users have to take more just to get the same response.
Import lab results from multiple providers, track changes over time, customize your reference ranges, and get clear explanations for each result. Everything is stored securely, exportable in one organized file, and shareable with your doctor—or anyone you choose.
Cancel or upgrade anytime
What happens when dopamine is out of balance?
When dopamine levels are balanced, emotions are more stable. Balanced dopamine leads to a sense of well-being and motivation, alertness, and focus. Conversely, dopamine deficiency can lead to feelings of sadness, lack of concentration, and lack of motivation. Both high and low levels of dopamine can lead to problems in the body.
Low dopamine is linked to: 8, 9, 10, 11
A number of factors can cause dopamine deficiency or excess. These include: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Furthermore, recreational drug use can alter the brain’s reward system by damaging dopamine receptors. As a person uses more and more of a recreational drug, the brain’s reward center becomes less sensitive to the point that only the drug is strong enough to elicit enough dopamine to generate a pleasurable response. Previously pleasurable experiences don’t release enough dopamine for a reward response any longer. Therefore, users have to take more just to get the same response.
Laboratories
We accept reports from any lab, so you can easily collect and organize all your health information in one secure spot.
Pricing Table
Choose the plan that fits you — and turn scattered lab reports into clear insights you can finally use.
Pick a plan that fits you — and turn scattered lab reports into clarity.
Personal plans
Professional plan
$15/ month
Access your lab reports, explanations, and tracking tools.
$250/ once
Pay once, access everything—no monthly fees, no limits.
Professional plan
$45/ month
Designed for professionals managing their clients' lab reports
About membership
Import Lab Results from Any Source
Easily upload lab results from any provider, whether it's a hospital, independent lab, or home testing service. We support PDFs, scanned documents, and JPEGs from patient portals. No need to log in to multiple platforms — everything is centralized in one secure space.
Easily upload lab results from any provider — we support PDFs, scans, and images. Keep all your reports organized in one secure place.
See Your Health Timeline
Every lab result is automatically organized on a chronological timeline, giving you a complete picture of your health journey. Whether you're tracking a condition, managing treatments, or staying proactive, the timeline helps you and your doctor understand how things progress over time.
Every lab result is automatically organized on a chronological timeline, giving you a complete picture of your health journey.
Understand What Your Results Mean
Whether it's a blood test, GI panel, urinalysis, or something else, lab reports measure numerous biomarkers that reveal what's happening inside your body. Our extensive database covers over 10,000 biomarkers, providing clear, simple explanations of what each result means and how you can take action—no matter your membership level. Say goodbye to confusion and get the insights you need to better understand your health.
Our database covers over 10,000 biomarkers with clear, simple explanations—so you can finally understand your results and what to do next.
Enter Your Lab Reports Yourself — Always Free
Enter Your Lab Reports — Always Free
If you'd like to handle inputting your health data into your account, you can do so with our easy-to-use data entry forms. Our user-friendly form is designed to guide you through the quick and easy submission process, making it simple to keep track of your health metrics. This is available to both Complete plan and Unlimited plan members.
Our user-friendly form guides you through a quick, simple submission process, making it easy to enter your health metrics.
Add your results anytime with our easy entry form. It's quick, guided, and helps you stay organized — free for all members.
Visualize Your Results
View your lab data through easy-to-read graphs and tables. Quickly spot patterns, track changes, and compare results across different dates — all without digging through multiple reports. You can also select and compare graphs of specific biomarkers side-by-side to better understand how they relate and change over time.
See your lab reports in clear graphs and tables. Spot patterns, track changes, and compare results over time — all in one place.
Export Your Complete Lab History in a Single File
Export Your Complete Lab History
After collecting lab results from different providers, you can download your entire history combined into a single file. Choose from PDF, Excel, or CSV formats to easily review, share, or get a second opinion—no more juggling multiple reports.
After collecting lab results from different providers, you can download your entire history combined into a single file.
Comprehensive Data Entry Service for Your Reports
Data Entry Service for Your Reports
Our inclusive service handles the data entry for your lab reports. Just submit your information and we'll take care of the rest. Complete plan members receive one report entered for free, then $15 per report after that. Unlimited plan members receive ten report entries for free, then $15 per report after that.
Our inclusive service handles the data entry for your lab reports. Just submit your information and we'll take care of the rest.
Securely Share With Anyone You Trust
Whether you're working with a doctor, nutritionist, caregiver, or wellness coach, you can securely share your complete lab history by sending an invite link to anyone you trust. You have full control over who sees your information and for how long, ensuring your privacy and peace of mind at every step.
Share your full lab history with your doctor, nutritionist, or coach using a secure invite link.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
Anthony
Unlimited Plan Member since 2021
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Karin
Advanced Plan Member since 2020
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
Healthmatters is a personal health dashboard that helps you organize and understand your lab results. It collects and displays your medical test data from any lab in one secure, easy-to-use platform.
With a Healthmatters account, you can:
Professionals can also analyze client data more efficiently and save time managing lab reports.
Healthmatters.io personal account provides in-depth research on 4000+ biomarkers, including information and suggestions for test panels such as, but not limited to:
You can combine all test reports inside your Healthmatters account and keep them in one place. It gives you an excellent overview of all your health data. Once you retest, you can add new results and compare them.
If you are still determining whether Healthmatters support your lab results, the rule is that if you can test it, you can upload it to Healthmatters.
While we work with many popular labs, we welcome reports from lots of other places too.
It's as simple as this: if you can get a test done, you can upload it to Healthmatters and we can interpret results from any lab out there. If laboratories can analyze it, we can interpret it.
If you're on the hunt for a specific biomarker, contact us and we'll add it to our database. Anything from blood, urine, saliva, or stool can be uploaded, understood, and tracked with your Healthmatters account.
The Complete Plan ($15/month) is perfect for individuals who want ongoing access to their health data. It includes unlimited lab imports, visual tracking, custom ranges, result explanations, full account exports, and secure sharing — all with a simple monthly subscription. You can cancel anytime and restart your plan whenever you're ready — your data will still be there waiting for you. You can also upgrade to the Unlimited Plan at any time, with the cost prorated based on what you've already paid.
The Unlimited Plan ($250 one-time) is also designed for individuals but offers lifetime access with no ongoing subscription. You'll get all the same features as the Complete Plan, plus a larger initial data entry allowance (10 reports), making it a great choice if you prefer a one-time payment and long-term use without monthly fees.
In short:
There are two ways to add your test reports to your Healthmatters account. One option is to input the data using the data entry forms. The other method is to utilize our "Data entry service."
Our data entry forms offer an easy, fast, and free way for you to input the reports yourself. Self-entry allows you to add an unlimited number of reports at no cost. We make the self-entry process user-friendly, providing dozens of templates that pre-populate the most popular laboratory panels and offering instant feedback on entered values.
For those who prefer assistance, we offer a "Data entry service" to help you input your data. Simply attach an image or file of your lab test results, and a qualified team member from our data entry team will add the results for you.
We support various file types, including PDFs, JPGs, or Excel. This service is particularly useful if you have many reports to upload or if you're too busy to handle the data entry yourself.
Our Data Entry Service is for when you don't want to manually type in your lab results yourself. You simply upload your report (PDF, image, or screenshot), and our trained team enters the information into your Healthmatters account for you — accurately and neatly organized, ready to view in graphs, tables, and timelines.
The $15 per report covers the time and care it takes for a real person to review your file, make sure each result is entered correctly, and double-check for accuracy. This ensures your health data is precise and easy to work with — without you having to spend the time doing it yourself.
Prefer to do it yourself? You can always use our free self-entry tool to add results manually — it just takes a bit more time and attention.
For users on the Complete monthly plan, the first report is entered free of charge, and each additional report incurs a fee of $15.
Unlimited account holders enjoy the entry of ten reports without charge. Subsequent reports are subject to a $15 fee per report.
Additionally, users on the Complete plan can upgrade to a yearly subscription from the account settings. The annual subscription includes a data entry service for five reports.
All professional accounts allow you to import and onboard an unlimited number of clients and their lab results. The distinction between professional plans lies solely in the data entry service.
The Pro Monthly Plus plan is priced at $75 per month and includes a data entry service for five reports each month. Additional reports can be self-entered at no extra cost or, if preferred, you can use our data entry service for an additional fee of $15 per report.
The Pro Monthly plan is priced at $45 per month and does not include a data entry service. Self-entry is free for an unlimited number of reports, and you can opt for the data entry service at a fee of $15 per report.
You also have the option to upgrade to higher monthly or to annual plans, which come with substantial discounts. All upgrades can be done directly from your account.
Simply log in and navigate to your account settings to cancel your subscription. Scroll down to locate the 'Cancel' button at the bottom of the page. Ensure you cancel at least one day before the renewal date to prevent any charges. Once cancellation is requested, the subscription remains active until the conclusion of the current billing cycle.
Our goal has been to make your Healthmatters account as intuitive as possible.
We've crafted multiple ways for you to navigate your data, whether you're glancing at a single report or delving into your historical test reports.
1. Graph View:Dive into a visual journey with our biomarker graphs, showcasing over 40 data points. Combining years of results unveils trends, empowering you to make informed decisions. Our visualization tools make it a breeze to compare and understand changes over time, even if your results are from different labs. A search function and filters simplify the exploration of extensive data, allowing you to focus on what needs attention.
2. All Tests ViewExplore neatly organized reports on a timeline, highlighting crucial details like dates, critical results, and lab/panel names. Each report opens up to reveal in-depth descriptions and additional recommendations for each biomarker. The history of previous results is just a click away, and you can download a comprehensive report for deeper insights. Color-coded and user-friendly, it's designed for easy reading, understanding, and navigation.
3. Table View:For a holistic view of all biomarkers side by side, our table view is your go-to. Results are neatly displayed in a categorized and dated table, ideal for those with an extensive test history. Utilize sorting, filters, and color-coding to enhance your analysis and gain extra insights.
Yes, you can download your information anytime. We offer two easy ways to export your lab data:
This makes it simple to save, back up, or share your health data whenever you need.
Yes, you can print your report. To do so, navigate to "All tests" and open the report you wish to print. You'll find a print button in the right corner of the report. Click on it, and your browser's print window will open. If you prefer to print in a bigger typeface, adjust the scale using the print window settings.
Yes, you can! We highly recommend activating Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for your account. To do so, please navigate to the "Profile and Security" section of your account, where you will find instructions for activating 2FA.
Yes, you can. When entering values for the biomarker, you will see an "Edit Range" button. Click this button, and you'll have the option to enter a custom range.
A personal account is all about keeping your own lab test results in check. It's just for you and your personal use.
The professional account is designed for health professionals who wish to track and organize their clients' laboratory results.
To learn more about Healthmatters Pro, please refer to the professional page.
At HealthMatters, we're committed to maintaining the security and confidentiality of your personal information. We've put industry-leading security standards in place to help protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of the information under our control. We use procedural, physical, and electronic security methods designed to prevent unauthorized people from getting access to this information. Our internal code of conduct adds additional privacy protection. All data is backed up multiple times a day and encrypted using SSL certificates. See our Privacy Policy for more details.
Optimal Result:
250 - 400 ug/g Cr.