m-Hydroxyphenylacetate (3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).

M-protein is an abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells that accumulates in and damages bone and bone marrow.

M-protein is an abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells that accumulates in and damages bone and bone marrow.

Bacterial species in the Actinobacteria phylum. Higher levels have been associated with Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Penicillium Chrysogenum is a widely studied species of Penicillium that is most famous for being a source of penicillin and several other antibiotics.

The "M001-IgG Penicillium chrysogenum" marker is a blood test that measures the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Penicillium chrysogenum, a type of mold commonly found in indoor environments, including on decaying organic matter, building materials, and even certain foods like cheese. Penicillium chrysogenum is also known for being the source of penicillin, an antibiotic.

When an individual is exposed to Penicillium chrysogenum, their immune system may produce IgG antibodies, particularly if they have a sensitivity or intolerance to this mold. IgG antibodies are typically associated with delayed-type immune responses, meaning symptoms related to mold exposure may not appear immediately but could take hours or days to manifest. Elevated levels of the M001-IgG Penicillium chrysogenum marker suggest an immune response to this mold, which could potentially contribute to various symptoms.

Cladosporium, a well known trigger for asthmatic attacks, is one of the most widespread molds.

Cladosporium includes about 40 species naturally found in soil, on decaying plant material and as plant pathogens. 

In an indoor environment, Cladosporium spp. occur as secondary wall colonizers, appearing after the primary ones such as Penicillium species, Aspergillus versicolor and Wallemia sebi. Cladosporiumis very common on wet building material (e.g., gypsum board, acrylic painted walls, wood, wallpaper, carpet and mattress dust, HVAC fans, and wet insulation in mechanical cooling units).

The "M002-IgG Cladosporium herbarum" marker is a blood test that measures the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Cladosporium herbarum, a common mold species. This mold is typically found in both indoor and outdoor environments, especially in damp or decaying organic materials, such as soil, plants, and wood. Cladosporium herbarum is one of the most prevalent outdoor molds and is frequently found in areas with high humidity, as well as in poorly ventilated indoor spaces.

When an individual is exposed to Cladosporium herbarum, their immune system may produce IgG antibodies in response. Elevated levels of these antibodies suggest that the person may have a sensitivity or intolerance to this mold, which could lead to various health symptoms.

The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes allergic diseases, respiratory illnesses, and bloodstream infections.

Normal soil inhabitant. Found around barns and barnyards where it grows on animal waste.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida. There are over 20 species of Candida yeasts that can cause infection in humans, the most common of which is Candida albicans.

Alternaria alternata is one of the most common fungi associated with asthma. Not only the presence of asthma but also persistence and severity of asthma have been strongly associated with sensitization and exposure to A alternata. Although exposure to Alternaria is an important risk factor for asthma, few studies have assessed exposure to this fungus in indoor environments.

A alternata, a cosmopolitan saprophyte commonly found in soil and plants, is usually considered an outdoor allergen.

Although most intense exposure is likely to occur outdoors, Alternariaand other allergenic fungi are also found in indoor environments.

Alternaria alternata is one of the most common fungi associated with asthma.

Not only the presence of asthma but also persistence and severity of asthma have been strongly associated with sensitization and exposure to A alternata. Although exposure to Alternaria is an important risk factor for asthma, few studies have assessed exposure to this fungus in indoor environments.