Segmented Neutrophils (Percent)

Other names: Segs

check icon Optimal Result: 47 - 55 %.

 

What Are Segmented Neutrophils?

Neutrophils (also known as "segs," "PMNs," or "polys") are a type of white blood cell, also called leukocytes, that play a vital role in the immune system. They are one of five major types of white blood cells, which also include lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. All white blood cells are essential for the body’s immune response and inflammatory reaction, helping to defend against harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Neutrophils and Their Role in Immunity

Neutrophils are classified as granulocytes alongside eosinophils and basophils, due to their ability to release granules containing enzymes that help fight infections. Segmented neutrophils, specifically, are the mature form of these cells, characterized by a nucleus that is divided into multiple segments.

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and make up approximately 40%-60% of the body’s total white blood cell count. As the first line of defense against bacterial infections, they are phagocytic, meaning they can engulf and digest microorganisms, preventing infections from spreading.

How Neutrophils Are Measured

The concentration of segmented neutrophils is typically measured through a white blood cell differential test, which is often part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC). This test helps healthcare providers assess the number and types of white blood cells in the bloodstream, providing insight into the body's response to infections and other health conditions.

When Are Neutrophil Tests Ordered?

A healthcare provider may recommend a CBC with differential to evaluate neutrophil levels during routine check-ups or if a patient exhibits signs of an infection, such as:

  • Fever and shaking chills

  • Rapid pulse and breathing

  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

Abnormal neutrophil levels can also indicate various conditions, ranging from infections to inflammatory diseases or certain types of cancer.

What does it mean if your Segmented Neutrophils (Percent) result is too high?

Segmented Neutrophils (Percent) – High Levels

Segmented neutrophils, also known as mature neutrophils, are a type of white blood cell essential for fighting bacterial and fungal infections. They form a critical part of the body's immune defense, identifying and destroying harmful pathogens. When the percentage of segmented neutrophils in the blood is elevated, it typically indicates an immune response to an underlying condition.

Causes of High Segmented Neutrophils (Percent):

  • Acute Infections: Bacterial infections are a common cause of elevated segmented neutrophils.
  • Inflammatory Disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can trigger increased neutrophil levels.
  • Stress or Physical Trauma: Severe physical stress, injury, or surgery can result in a temporary rise in neutrophils.
  • Chronic Diseases: Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cardiovascular diseases may also lead to high levels.
  • Corticosteroid Use: Certain medications, especially corticosteroids, can elevate neutrophil counts.
  • Leukemia or Myeloproliferative Disorders: In rare cases, persistently high levels may suggest hematologic diseases.

What Does a High Segmented Neutrophil Percentage Mean?

Elevated segmented neutrophils often reflect the body's response to infection, inflammation, or physiological stress. While a temporary increase may be normal during acute illness, persistently high levels should be evaluated to rule out chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or hematological conditions.

When to See a Doctor

If high segmented neutrophil percentages are accompanied by symptoms like persistent fever, fatigue, joint pain, or unexplained weight loss, it’s important to seek medical advice for further investigation.

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What does it mean if your Segmented Neutrophils (Percent) result is too low?

Low Levels of Segmented Neutrophils (Percent)

Segmented neutrophils, also known as mature neutrophils or segs, are a type of white blood cell essential for the immune response. They help the body fight infections by attacking bacteria and fungi. Low levels of segmented neutrophils (percent) in a blood test indicate a condition called neutropenia, which may suggest a reduced ability to combat infections.

Causes of Low Segmented Neutrophils:

  • Infections: Viral infections such as influenza, hepatitis, or HIV can suppress neutrophil production.
  • Bone Marrow Disorders: Conditions like aplastic anemia, leukemia, or chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression reduce neutrophil production.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: Disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to immune-mediated destruction of neutrophils.
  • Vitamin Deficiency: Deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate can impair white blood cell production.
  • Genetic Conditions: Congenital neutropenia or cyclic neutropenia are inherited disorders that cause periodic low neutrophil counts.

Symptoms of Low Segmented Neutrophils:

  • Increased susceptibility to infections (fever, frequent illness)
  • Slow wound healing
  • Fatigue and weakness

What to Do if You Have Low Segmented Neutrophils:

If your segmented neutrophils percentage is low, your healthcare provider may recommend additional tests to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve addressing infections, managing autoimmune conditions, or supplementing nutrients. For severe cases, medications like growth factors (G-CSF) may be used to stimulate neutrophil production.

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