LYME AB (IGM)
Other names: LYME DISEASE SUPPLEMENTAL AB(IGG,IGM), IA
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0 - 0.9 index.
Lyme Ab (IgM) is a blood test that detects immunoglobulin M antibodies directed against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness transmitted primarily by black-legged ticks (Ixodes species), which are commonly found in wooded or grassy areas across North America and parts of Europe.
IgM antibodies are typically the first antibodies produced by the immune system when the body encounters a new infection. In Lyme disease, IgM antibodies usually become detectable within 1–3 weeks after infection, making this test particularly useful for identifying early-stage Lyme disease.
During the early phase of infection, individuals may experience symptoms such as:
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Fever and chills
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Fatigue
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Headache
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Muscle or joint aches
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Swollen lymph nodes
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The characteristic erythema migrans rash (often described as a bull’s-eye rash)
If Lyme disease progresses without treatment, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, leading to complications such as:
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Facial nerve palsy (Bell’s palsy)
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Nerve pain or numbness
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Heart rhythm disturbances (Lyme carditis)
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Joint inflammation and arthritis
Because IgM antibodies are associated with recent infection, they typically rise during the first several weeks of illness and may decline later as IgG antibodies develop. For this reason, IgM results are most informative when symptoms have been present for less than 30 days.
Testing for Lyme disease is commonly performed using a two-step approach. An initial screening immunoassay (IA or EIA) detects antibodies, and positive or equivocal results may be followed by a confirmatory immunoblot (Western blot) or other supplemental testing. Interpreting Lyme antibody results requires consideration of symptoms, timing of exposure, geographic risk, and clinical findings.
Early detection and treatment—usually with antibiotics—can significantly reduce the risk of long-term complications from Lyme disease.
Lab Results Explained and Tracked
What does it mean if your LYME AB (IGM) result is too high?
Elevated Lyme Ab (IgM) levels suggest that the immune system has recently responded to Borrelia burgdorferi. This may indicate early or active Lyme disease, particularly when symptoms began within the past few weeks. Because false positives can occur, positive IgM results are typically confirmed with additional testing and evaluated alongside symptoms and exposure history.
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