LDL Medium

Other names: Medium LDL, LDL, Medium

Optimal Result: 0 - 215 nmol/L.

Lipoprotein Particles and Apolipoproteins Cleveland HeartLab Atherosclerosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

From Healthmatters.io Team

Lab Results Explained and Tracked

Lipoprotein Subfraction Disorders:

This test measures the number of particles in each of the 8 LDL subclasses. Six of these 8 subclasses are small LDL subclass particles. These smaller particles are associated with rapid uptake into the endothelium contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis.

There is a 1.3-fold increased risk for Cardiovascular diseases associated with the small LDL trait and a 1.4-fold increased risk with the medium LDL trait.

Contributing Factors:

Genetics/demographics:

- Genetic predisposition

- High triglyceride and low HDL-C levels

Lifestyle:

- High consumption of simple carbohydrates

- Overweight or obese

- Sedentary lifestyle

Illness:

- Insulin resistance/diabetes mellitus/ metabolic syndrome

Drugs:

- Nonselective beta blockers

Treatment Considerations:

Dietary/lifestyle intervention:

- Avoid simple carbohydrate diet

- Fat weight loss

- Regular exercise

- Omega-3 fish oil

Pharmacological intervention:

- Thiazolidinediones

- Nicotinic acid

- Fibrates

- Statins (minor effect. effect is specific to atorvastatin)

Disease intervention:

- Consider evaluation of cardiometabolic function

- Noninvasive imaging

- Additional blood tests

- Identify and correct insulin resistance

- Control diabetes mellitus

References:

Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed: Saunders. 2015.

Hoogeveen RC, Gaubatz JW, Sun W, et al. Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations predict risk for coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:1069-1077.

Krauss RM. Dietary and genetic effects on low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21: 283-295.

Iacobellis G. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Oxford University Press. 2009.

Slentz CA, Houmard JA, Johnson JL, et al. Inactivity, exercise training and detraining, and plasma lipoproteins. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;103:432-442.

Campos H, Genest JJ, Jr., Blijlevens E, et al. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:187-195.

Griffin BA, Caslake MJ, Yip B, et al. Rapid isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions from plasma by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Atherosclerosis . 1990;83:59-67.

Betteridge DJ. Effects of pioglitazone on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9:640-647.

Superko HR, Krauss RM. Differential effects of nicotinic acid in subjects with different LDL subclass patterns. Atherosclerosis . 1992;95:69-76.

Staels B, Dallongeville J, Auwerx J, et al. Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Circulation . 1998;98:2088-2093.

Sniderman AD. Differential response of cholesterol and particle measures of atherogenic lipoproteins to LDL-lowering therapy: Implications for clinical practice. J Clin Lipidol. 2008;2:36-42.

Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, et al. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: Consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:811-822.

Marzullo P, Mariani G. From Basic Cardiac Imaging to Image Fusion. Core Competencies Versus Technological Progress: Springer. 2013.

Lab Results Explained and Tracked

All Your Lab Results.
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What does it mean if your LDL Medium result is too high?

Contributing Factors:

Genetics/demographics:

- Genetic predisposition

- High triglyceride and low HDL-C levels

Lifestyle:

- High consumption of simple carbohydrates

- Overweight or obese

- Sedentary lifestyle

Illness:

- Insulin resistance/diabetes mellitus/ metabolic syndrome

Drugs:

- Nonselective beta blockers

Treatment Considerations:

Dietary/lifestyle intervention:

- Avoid simple carbohydrate diet

- Fat weight loss

- Regular exercise

- Omega-3 fish oil

Pharmacological intervention:

- Thiazolidinediones

- Nicotinic acid

- Fibrates

- Statins (minor effect. effect is specific to atorvastatin)

Disease intervention:

- Consider evaluation of cardiometabolic function

- Noninvasive imaging

- Additional blood tests

- Identify and correct insulin resistance

- Control diabetes mellitus

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LDL Medium

All Your Lab Results. One Simple Dashboard.

What does it mean if your LDL Medium result is too high?

All Your Lab Results. One Simple Dashboard.

Import, Track, and Share Your Lab Results Easily

Import, Track, and Share Your Lab Results

Article Review & Sources

Bring All Your Lab Results Together — In One Place

Gather Your Lab History — and Finally Make Sense of It

Finally, Your Lab Results Organized and Clear

Advanced Plan

Unlimited Account

Pro Monthly

What's included in a Healthmatters membership

Import Lab Results from Any Source

See Your Health Timeline

Understand What Your Results Mean

Enter Your Lab Reports Yourself — Always Free Enter Your Lab Reports — Always Free

Visualize Your Results

Export Your Complete Lab History in a Single File Export Your Complete Lab History

Comprehensive Data Entry Service for Your Reports Data Entry Service for Your Reports

Securely Share With Anyone You Trust

Let Your Lab Results Tell the Full Story

Once your results are in one place, see the bigger picture — track trends over time, compare data side by side, export your full history, and share securely with anyone you trust.

Bring all your results together to compare, track progress, export your history, and share securely.

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We implement proven measures to keep your data safe.

All Your Lab Results.
One Simple Dashboard.

All Your Lab Results.
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