The IL-17 family has six subtypes: IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17 D, IL-17E (also known as IL-25) and IL-17F.
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells have been shown to play important roles in inflammation and the immune response. IL-17 is believed to be mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a unique helper T-cell subset different from Th1 and Th2 cells. Other subsets of T cells such as γδT and natural killer T (NKT) cells have also been found to produce IL-17 in response to innate stimuli. IL-17 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that can induce the release of certain chemokines, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and antimicrobial peptides from mesenchymal and myeloid cells. This leads to the expansion and accumulation of neutrophils in the innate immune system and links innate and adaptive immunity in vivo. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, allograft transplantation and even malignancy. They may also play protective roles in host defense against infectious diseases and promote induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against cancer. Targeting of the IL-17 axis is under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
References:
- Interleukin-17 in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Diseases [L]
- Lauffer, F., Eyerich, K., Boehncke, W.-H., Asadullah, K., Beissert, S., Ghoreschi, K. and Schön, M.P. (2020), Cytokines of the IL-17 family in psoriasis. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 18: 675-681. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14124
- Yuzhou Gan, Xiaozhen Zhao, Jing He, Xu Liu, Yun Li, Xiaolin Sun, Zhanguo Li, "Increased Interleukin-17F is Associated with Elevated Autoantibody Levels and More Clinically Relevant Than Interleukin-17A in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome", Journal of Immunology Research, vol. 2017, Article ID 4768408, 9 pages, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4768408
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- IL-17A plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This was shown in several studies with the successful use of inhibiting antibodies. It acts on non-hematopoietic cells, particularly epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in the immune response in neighboring organs. In the skin, IL-17A leads to increased proliferation and changed differentiation of keratinocytes, and induces antimicrobial peptides and chemokines.
- Increased Serum Levels of IL-17F Were Associated with Elevated Autoantibody Level in Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) [L]
- IL-17A also has a role in other inflammatory diseases. Elevated IL-17A concentrations have been measured in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis and acute coronary syndrome that correlated with parameters of systemic inflammation.
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