Cortisol / cortisone ratio indicates activity of HSD11B2 activity and assessment of tissue specific concentrations of cortisol, which normally cannot be measured without a biopsy.
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Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress regulation. It is known as a glucocorticoid hormone. To be active in the body, cortisol must bind to specific receptors, such as the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
One of the key enzymes involved in cortisol metabolism is 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). This enzyme is primarily responsible for converting active cortisol to its inactive form, cortisone, by oxidizing cortisol. The conversion of cortisol to cortisone is essential to protect MRs from being occupied by cortisol, as the MRs have equal affinity for cortisol and aldosterone, another hormone involved in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
The role of 11β-HSD2 in maintaining proper mineralocorticoid signaling is crucial, as excessive activation of MRs by cortisol can lead to a condition known as apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). AME is characterized by hypertension (high blood pressure) along with hypokalemia (low potassium levels), metabolic alkalosis, low renin activity, and reduced aldosterone levels. These symptoms arise when 11β-HSD2 is impaired, leading to excessive cortisol activating MRs and mimicking the effects of aldosterone on the kidneys and other tissues.
Inherited mutations in the 11β-HSD2 gene can cause AME, and it typically follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Additionally, AME can also be acquired through the ingestion of substances that act as competitive inhibitors of 11β-HSD2, such as liquorice.
Besides its role in mineralocorticoid signaling, 11β-HSD2 also impacts the availability of cortisol to bind to glucocorticoid receptors in various peripheral tissues. The activity of this enzyme is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, including hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, apparent cortisone reductase deficiency, insulin resistance, and visceral obesity. Therefore, modulating the activity of 11β-HSD isozymes presents a potential therapeutic approach to managing certain human diseases while avoiding the consequences of systemic glucocorticoid excess or deficiency.
Overall, 11β-HSD2 is a critical enzyme in cortisol metabolism and its proper functioning is essential to maintain hormonal balance and prevent harmful effects of excessive cortisol on mineralocorticoid receptors.
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Cortisol / cortisone ratio reflects HSD11B2 activity and assessment of tissue specific concentrations of cortisol, which normally cannot be measured without a biopsy. An elevated ratio indicates suppressed enzyme activity or a low conversion rate of cortisol to cortisone. This can be seen in stress, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, depression, with cortisol supplementation, or high dose licorice supplementation.
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Cortisol / cortisone ratio indicates activity of HSD11B2 activity and assessment of tissue specific concentrations of cortisol, which normally cannot be measured without a biopsy. A low ratio reflects a higher conversion rate of cortisol to cortisone, which can be normal in some cases. Hyperthyroidism can also be a cause of a lowered cortisol/cortisone ratio.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
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Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
Paul
Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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11b-Hydroxyandrosterone, 11b-Hydroxyetiocholanolone, 2-Methoxyestrone, 5-alpha-Androstanediol, Allo-Tetrahydrocortisol, Alpha-Pregnanediol, Alpha-Pregnanediol / Beta-Pregnanediol Ratio, Beta-Pregnanediol, Cortisol/Cortione 11B-HSD II, Cortisol: Metabolite Ratio, E Quotient, Free DHEA, Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol
