Detection of ganglioside M1 (GM1) antibodies, usually of the IgM isotype, is associated with multi-focal motor neuropathy and lower motor neuropathy, characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy. Multi-focal motor neuropathy may occur with or without high serum titers of anti-GM1 antibodies. GM1 antibodies are detected in approximately 50 % of persons with multi-focal motor neuropathy.
What is multi-focal motor neuropathy?
Multifocal motor neuropathy is a progressive muscle disorder characterized by weakness in the hands, with differences from one side of the body to the other in the specific muscles involved. It affects men much more than women. Symptoms also include:
- Muscle wasting
- Cramping
- Involuntary contractions or twitching of the leg muscles
The disorder is sometimes mistaken for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. But unlike ALS, multifocal motor neuropathy is treatable. An early and accurate diagnosis allows individuals to recover quickly.
Treatment for multifocal motor neuropathy varies. Some people experience only mild symptoms and do not require treatment. For others, treatment generally consists of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide.
Improvement in muscle strength usually begins within three to six weeks after treatment is started. Most who receive treatment early experience little, if any, disability. However, there is evidence of slow progression over many years.
References:
Anti-GM1 (IgG + IgA)
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