Vit B2 Riboflavin
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a cofactor for the TCA cycle and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Therefore, it helps with extracting energy from nutrients. In addition, research suggests that vitamin B2 is associated with the differentiation and function of immune cells through the regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella copri (Bacteroidetes); Clostridium difficile, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, and Ruminococcus lactaris (Firmicutes) express factors essential for vitamin B2 synthesis, suggesting that these bacteria are an important source of vitamin B2 in the large intestine.
What does it mean if your Vit B2 Riboflavin result is too high?
Elevated levels of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) on a BiomeFx test generally do not signify any significant health concerns. Here are the key points:
- Rarity of high levels: High riboflavin levels are extremely rare, and adverse effects from high daily intake have not been reported .
- No toxicity concerns: No observable toxicities have been associated with high intakes of riboflavin from food sources or supplements. The Food and Nutrition Board has not established an upper limit for riboflavin due to its good safety profile .
- Excretion of excess: Riboflavin is water-soluble, and excess amounts are typically excreted in the urine. This, along with poor gastrointestinal absorption, is thought to be the reason for the lack of evidence for riboflavin toxicity .
- Potential dietary influence: Elevated levels could theoretically occur in individuals who excessively consume riboflavin supplements. Additionally, testing of non-fasting specimens or the use of dietary vitamin B2 supplementation can result in elevated plasma vitamin B2 concentrations.
In summary, elevated levels of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) on a BiomeFx test generally do not signify a health concern. They may simply reflect recent dietary intake or supplementation. However, as with any test result, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized interpretation and advice.
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What does it mean if your Vit B2 Riboflavin result is too low?
Low levels of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) on a BiomeFx panel indicate a reduced capacity of gut bacteria to synthesize or contribute to riboflavin availability. Since some gut microbes can produce B vitamins, low levels may suggest dysbiosis, poor dietary intake, or malabsorption issues.
Potential Implications of Low Riboflavin (B2) Levels
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Increased Fatigue & Low Energy Production
- Riboflavin is essential for ATP production (energy metabolism in mitochondria).
- Low levels can lead to fatigue, weakness, and reduced endurance.
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Poor Skin, Eye, and Mucosal Health
- Riboflavin plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
- Deficiency may cause cracked lips, dry skin, mouth sores, and bloodshot eyes.
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Weakened Antioxidant & Detoxification Pathways
- Riboflavin is necessary for the production of glutathione, the body’s master antioxidant.
- Low levels may increase oxidative stress, contributing to inflammation and chronic disease risk.
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Increased Risk of Neurological & Mood Disorders
- B2 is involved in neurotransmitter function, and low levels may contribute to brain fog, headaches, depression, and anxiety.
- Some studies link riboflavin deficiency to migraines.
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Potential Gut Microbiome Imbalance (Dysbiosis)
- Certain gut bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species) produce riboflavin.
- Low levels may indicate reduced beneficial bacteria populations or a gut microbiome imbalance.
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Poor Iron Metabolism & Anemia Risk
- Riboflavin is required for proper iron absorption and red blood cell formation.
- Deficiency may contribute to iron-deficiency anemia symptoms (weakness, dizziness, and pale skin).
How to Increase Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Levels
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Increase Dietary Sources of Riboflavin
- Animal-Based Sources: Eggs, dairy, liver, lean meats, and fish
- Plant-Based Sources: Almonds, mushrooms, spinach, quinoa, and fortified cereals
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Support Riboflavin-Producing Gut Bacteria
- Probiotic-rich foods: Yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi
- Prebiotics: Resistant starch, bananas, garlic, onions, asparagus
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Optimize Gut Health for Absorption
- Address gut inflammation, dysbiosis, or low stomach acid, which can impair vitamin absorption.
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