Valine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA).
BCAA’s are nitrogen donors, facilitate glucose uptake by liver and skeletal muscle, and enhance glycogen synthesis.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are required for protein synthesis and are metabolized outside hepatic tissues, unlike most other essential amino acids. They are converted to branched-chain keto acids which require B-complex vitamins. BCAAs have been associated with obesity, weight loss, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
- BMI was positively associated with urine 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, valine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.
- Plasma valine, lysine, and tyrosine positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (= a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes.) and insulin activity.
- Elevated urine levels have been associated in higher colorectal cancer.
Low levels of essential BCAA may indicate a poor-quality diet, or maldigestion due to deficient digestive peptidase activity or pancreatic dysfunction.
Low levels of leucine can be seen after significant aerobic exercise or strength training.
Supplementation with zinc, vitamin B3, and vitamin B6, has improved outcomes in various conditions where low levels of BCAA’s have been associated.
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- BMI was positively associated with urine 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, valine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.
- Plasma valine, lysine, and tyrosine positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (= a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes.) and insulin activity.
- Elevated urine levels have been associated in higher colorectal cancer.
- High protein intake may elevate BCAAs. In the catabolism of BCAAs, branched chain aminotransferase and branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) require several cofactors such as vitamin B6, vitamin B1, and lipoic acid. Therefore, functional need for these cofactors may contribute to high levels of BCAAs.
- BCAAs can be elevated due to a rare inborn error of metabolism. Maple Syrup Urine Disease is an inherited disorder of branched chain amino acid metabolism due to deficiency of the BCKDC complex.
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1-Methylhistidine, 1-Methylhistidine (Plasma), 2-,3-, and 4-Methylhippuric acid, 2-Methylhippuric Acid, 2-Methylsuccinic Acid, 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic Acid, 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid, 3-Methylhistidine (Plasma), 3-Phenylpropionylglycine, 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a-Hydroxybutyric Acid, a-Keto-b-methylvaleric Acid, a-Ketobutyric Acid, a-Ketoglutaric Acid, a-Ketoisocaproic Acid, a-Ketoisovaleric Acid, a-Aminoadipic Acid (Plasma), Adipic Acid, Alanine, Alanine (Plasma), Aldosterone, Anserine (Plasma), Anthranilic Acid, Arabinitol, Arginine (Plasma), Arginosuccinic Acid, Arginosuccinic Acid (Plasma), Asparagine (Plasma), Aspartic Acid (Plasma), b-Hydroxybutyric Acid, b-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid, b-Alanine (Plasma), Benzoic Acid, Benzoylform, Branched Chain Alpha-Keto Organic Acids, Carnosine, Carnosine (Plasma), cis-Aconitic Acid, Citric Acid, Citrulline (Plasma), Cortisol, Cortisone, Creatinine, Cystathionine (Plasma), Cystine (Plasma), D-Lactic Acid, Equol, Ethanolamine (Plasma), Ethylmalonic Acid, Formiminoglutamic Acid, Fructose, Fumaric Acid, g-Aminobutyric Acid (Plasma), Glucaric Acid, Glucose, Glutamic Acid (Plasma), Glutamine (Plasma), Glutamine / Glutamate Ratio (Plasma), Glutaric Acid, Glycine (Plasma), Glycylproline (Plasma), Hexanoylglycine, Hippuric Acid, Histidine (Plasma), Homocitrulline (Plasma), Homocystine (Plasma), Homogentisic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxykynurenine, Hydroxyproline, Hydroxyproline (Plasma), Indoleacetic Acid, Isocitric Acid, Isoleucine/allo-Isoleucine (Plasma), KT Ratio (Plasma), Kynurenic Acid, Kynurenine (Plasma), Lactic Acid, Leucine (Plasma), Lysine (Plasma), Malic Acid, Mandelic Acid, Methionine (Plasma), Methylmalonic Acid, Microalbumin, Ornithine, Ornithine (Plasma), Orotic Acid, Oxalic Acid, pH, Phenylacetic Acid, Phenylalanine (Plasma), Phosphate, Phosphoethanolamine (Plasma), Picolinic Acid, Pimelic Acid, Proline (Plasma), Pyridoxic Acid, Pyroglutamic Acid, Pyruvic Acid, Quercetin, Quinolinic Acid, Sarcosine (Plasma), Sebacic Acid, Serine (Plasma), Suberic Acid, Suberylglycine, Succinic Acid, Sulfocysteine (Plasma), Tartaric Acid, Taurine (Plasma), Threonine (Plasma), Total Branched Chain Amino Acids (Plasma), Tryptophan (Plasma), Tyrosine (Plasma), Valine (Plasma), Vannilylmandelic Acid, Xanthurenic Acid
