Bromelain is an effective chemoresponsive proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple stems. It contains several thiol endopeptidases and is extracted and purified via several methods.
Bromelain is a specific pineapple antigen. When assessed alone it is more sensitive than measuring antibodies against many pineapple proteins.
---------------
Ananas comosus, popularly known as pineapple belongs to the family of Bromeliaceae and is considered as the second most essential tropical fruit worldwide. The pineapple fruit is widely consumed fresh or cooked or even extracted for its juice. Consumption of pineapple has mostly been associated with allergic reactions, such as oral allergy syndrome (OAS), that may be related to pollens (pollen-food-syndrome). The OAS due to pineapple was found to be prevalent in various regions across the globe (Mexico, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia), however, the percentage of prevalence was not found to be very significant. Such type of OAS (oropharyngeal, cutaneous, respiratory, or gastrointestinal manifestations) is attributed to the presence of pan-allergen profilin, Ana c 1 in pineapple fruit.
Further, systemic immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated hypersensitivity reactions are also observed due to pineapple consumption, mainly due to its bromelain content (Ana c 2, a major allergen). Such reactions may even lead to anaphylaxis in few cases. Besides, pineapple has been found to be associated with unpleasant reactions, such as oral mucosal irritation, which is majorly due to its acidic content or bromelain-mediated proteolysis of oral mucosa, so not due to the IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Bromelain or Ana c 2 is a member of cysteine protease enzyme and plays a major role in detecting cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in pollens. Further, Ana c 1 is found to be cross-reactive with profilins present in pollens and fruits due to its high-sequence identity observed .
Also, pineapple has been found to be associated with latex-fruit syndrome and ficus-fruit syndrome due to both its allergens, profilin and bromelain. Additionally, bromelain is highly homologous to other cysteine proteinases, such as papain.
Understand and improve your laboratory results with our health dashboard.
Upload your lab reports and get your interpretation today.
Our technology helps to understand, combine, track, organize, and act on your medical lab test results.
Abstain from all forms of pineapple including digestive enzymes containing bromelain.
Pineapple fruit may induce immunoglobulin hypersensitivity reactions with bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme and a major allergen of pineapple responsible for its allergy. Apart from the fruit, bromelain has extensively been found in other parts of the plant, which include its stem, leaves as well as peel of the fruit. The stem and fruit possess high quantities of bromelain allergen, which has wide biotechnological applications in the field of food, medicine and cosmetic industry. Interestingly, the bromelain content in stem is more than that of fruit.
Pineapple has been found to be associated with unpleasant reactions such as irritation of oral mucosa, which is majorly due to its acidic content or bromelain-mediated proteolysis of oral mucosa. These irritational reactions are usually associated with the enzyme activity of bromelain and are not attributed to the IgE-mediated allergic reactions.
Interpret Your Lab Results
Upload your lab report, and we'll interpret and provide you with recommendations today.
Get Started
Monthly plan
Annual plan
Own it for life
Our exclusive data entry service is a convenient way to get your results into your private dashboard. Simply attach an image or a file of your lab test results, and one of our qualified data entry team members will add the results for you. We support all sorts of files, whether PDFs, JPGs, or Excel. This service is excellent whether you have a lot of reports to upload or are too busy to do the data entry yourself.
We strive to make the data entry process easy for you. Whether by offering dozens of templates to choose from that pre-populate the most popular laboratory panels or by giving you instant feedback on the entered values. Our data entry forms are an easy, fast, and convenient way to enter the reports yourself. There is no limit on how many lab reports you can upload.
$15 /month
billed every month
Most popular
Data entry included
$79 /year
$6.60/month billed annually
Data entry included
$250 /once
own it for life
Are You a Health Professional?
Get started with our professional plan
Welcome to Healthmatters Pro.
Save time on interpreting lab results with the largest database of biomarkers online. In-depth research on any test at your fingertips, all stored and tracked in one place. Learn more
Pro Monthly Plus
for health professionals
$75 per month
At HealthMatters, we're committed to maintaining the security and confidentiality of your personal information. We've put industry-leading security standards in place to help protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of the information under our control. We use procedural, physical, and electronic security methods designed to prevent unauthorized people from getting access to this information. Our internal code of conduct adds additional privacy protection. All data is backed up multiple times a day and encrypted using SSL certificates. See our Privacy Policy for more details.
Almond, Almond, roasted, Amaranth, Apple, Apple Cider, Apricot, Artichoke, cooked, Asparagus, Asparagus, cooked, Avocado, Banana, Banana, cooked, Basil, Bean Agglutinins, Beef, cooked medium, Beet, cooked, Bell Pepper, Beta-Glucan, Black Bean, cooked, Black Tea, brewed, Blueberry, Brazil Nut, raw + roasted, Broccoli, Broccoli, cooked, Brussels Sprouts, cooked, Cabbage, red + green, Cabbage, red + green, cooked, Canola Oleosin, Cantaloupe + Honeydew Melon, Carrageenan, Carrot, Carrot, cooked, Cashew, Cashew Vicilin, Cashew, roasted, Cauliflower, cooked, Celery, Cherry, Chia Seed, Chicken, cooked, Chili Pepper, Cilantro, Cinnamon, Clam, cooked, Clove, Coconut, meat + water, Cod, cooked, Coffee Bean Protein, brewed, Corn + Aquaporin, cooked, Corn Oleosin, Crab + Lobster, cooked, Cranberry, Cucumber, pickled, Cumin, Dark Chocolate + Cocoa, Date, Dill, Egg White, cooked, Egg Yolk, cooked, Eggplant, cooked, Fava Bean, cooked, Fig, Flax Seed, Food Coloring, Garbanzo Bean, cooked, Garlic, Garlic, cooked, Gelatin, Ginger, Goat's Milk, Grape, red + green, Grapefruit, Green Bean, cooked, Green Tea, brewed, Gum Guar, Gum Tragacanth, Halibut, cooked, Hazelnut, raw + roasted, Honey, raw +processed, Imitation Crab, cooked, Kidney Bean, cooked, Kiwi, Lamb, cooked, Latex Hevein, Lemon + Lime, Lentil Lectin, Lentil, cooked, Lettuce, Lima Bean, cooked, Locust Bean Gum, Macadamia Nut, raw + roasted, Mackerel, cooked, Mango, Mastic Gum + Gum Arabic, Meat Glue, Mint, Mushroom, raw + cooked, Mustard Seed, Nutmeg, Okra, cooked, Olive, green + black, pickled, Onion + Scallion, Onion + Scallion, cooked, Orange, Orange Juice, Oregano, Oyster, cooked, Papaya, Paprika, Parsley, Parvalbumin, Pea Lectin, Pea Protein, Pea, cooked, Peach + Nectarine, Peanut Agglutinin, Peanut Butter, Peanut Oleosin, Peanut, roasted, Pear, Pecan, raw + roasted, Pineapple, Pineapple Bromelain, Pinto Bean, cooked, Pistachio, raw + roasted, Plum, Pomegranate, Popped Corn, Pork, cooked, Potato, white, cooked (baked), Potato, white, cooked (fried), Pumpkin + Squash, cooked, Pumpkin Seeds, roasted, Quinoa, Radish, Red Snapper, cooked, Red Wine, Rice Cake, Rice Endochitinase, Rice Protein, Rice, white + brown, cooked, Rosemary, Safflower + Sunflower Oleosin, Salmon, Salmon, cooked, Sardine + Anchovy, cooked, Scallops, cooked, Sea Bass, cooked, Seaweed, Sesame Albumin, Sesame Oleosin, Shrimp Tropomyosin, Shrimp, cooked, Soft Cheese + Hard Cheese, Soy Sauce, gluten-free Tofu, Soybean Agglutinin, Soybean Oleosin + Aquaporin, Spinach + Aquaporin, Squid (Calamari), cooked, Strawberry, Sunflower Seeds, roasted, Thyme, Tilapia, cooked, Tofu, Tomato + Aquaporin, Tomato Paste, Trout, cooked, Tuna, Tuna, cooked, Turkey, cooked, Turmeric (Curcumin), Vanilla, Walnut, Watermelon, Wheat + Alpha-Gliadins, White Wine, Whitefish, cooked, Wild Rice, cooked, Xanthan Gum, Yam + Sweet Potato, cooked, Yogurt, Zucchini, cooked
