Pb has neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects and interferes with heme biosynthesis. Pb may also affect the body’s ability to utilize the essential elements calcium, magnesium, and zinc. At moderate levels of body burden, Pb may have adverse effects on memory, cognitive function, nerve conduction, and metabolism of vitamin D. Pb is transported through the placenta to the fetus and is found in human breast milk.
Children with hair Pb levels greater than 1 micro g/g have been reported to have a higher incidence of hyperactivity than those with less than 1 micro g/g. Children with hair Pb levels above 3 micro g/g have been reported to have more learning problems than those with less than 3 micro g/g. Hair lead levels are commonly elevated is association with ADD/ADHD. Detoxification therapy by means of chelation results in transient increases in hair lead. Eventually, the hair Pb level will normalize after detoxification is complete.
Symptoms associated with excessive Pb are somewhat nonspecific, but include: anemia, immune dysregulation, headaches, gastric distress, fatigue, weight loss, cognitive dysfunction, decreased coordination, depression, anxiety, and aberrant behavior.
Occupation exposure to Pb occurs in the fields of mining, refineries, and the production of storage batteries, ammunition, solder, building materials, cable sheeting and foils. Other sources of exposure to Pb include: welding, old leaded paint (chips/dust), drinking water, some fertilizers, industrial pollution, lead-glazed pottery, newsprint, and some candles. A recent study indicates that silicofluoridation of water enhances the assimilation of Pb in humans.
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Generally, hair is a good indicator of exposure to Lead (Pb). However, elevated levels of Pb in head hair can be an artifact of hair darkening agents, or dyes, e.g. lead acetate. Although these agents can cause exogenous contamination some transdermal absorption does occur. Pb has neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in humans as well as interfering with heme biosynthesis.
Pb may also affect the body’s ability to utilize the essential elements calcium, magnesium, and zinc. At moderate levels of body burden, Pb may have adverse effects on memory, cognitive function, nerve conduction, and metabolism of vitamin D. Children with hair Pb levels greater than 1 μg/g have been reported to have a higher incidence of hyperactivity than those with less than 1 μg/g. Children withhair Pb levels above 3 μg/g have been reported to have more learning problems than those with less than 3 μg/g. Detoxification therapy by means of chelation results in transient increases in hair lead. Eventually, the hair Pb level will normalize after detoxification is complete.
Symptoms associated with excess Pb are somewhat nonspecific, but include: anemia, headaches, fatigue, weight loss, cognitive dysfunction and decreased coordination.
Sources of exposure to Pb include: welding, old leaded paint (chips/dust), drinking water, some fertilizers, industrial pollution, lead-glazed pottery, Ayruvedic herbs and use of firearms.
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