- Glutamic acid has been associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, while glutamine levels were inversely associated.
- A high plasma glutamine-to-glutamic acid ratio was associated with lower risk of diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study (n=1015).
- Higher glutamine-to-glutamic acid ratio was associated with a better cardiometabolic-risk profile over 10 years in the PRIMED study (n=1879).
- Glutamic acid has been associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, while glutamine levels were inversely associated.
- Glutamic acid has been associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, while glutamine levels were inversely associated.
- A high plasma glutamine-to-glutamic acid ratio was associated with lower risk of diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study (n=1015).
- Higher glutamine-to-glutamic acid ratio was associated with a better cardiometabolic-risk profile over 10 years in the PRIMED study (n=1879).
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1-Methylhistidine, 2-Methylhippuric Acid, 2-Methylsuccinic Acid, 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic Acid, 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid, 3-Methylhistidine, 3-Phenylpropionylglycine, 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a-Hydroxybutyric Acid, a-Ketoglutaric Acid, a-Ketoisovaleric Acid, a-Aminoadipic Acid, a-Keto-b-methylvaleric Acid, a-Ketoglutaric Acid, a-Ketoisocaproic Acid, Adipic Acid, Alanine, Anserine, Anthranilic Acid, Arabinitol, Arginine, Arginosuccinic Acid, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, b-Hydroxybutyric Acid, b-Alanine, b-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid, Benzoic Acid, Benzoylform, Branched Chain Alpha-Keto Organic Acids, Carnosine, cis-Aconitic Acid, Citric Acid, Citrulline, Cortisol, Creatinine, Cystathionine, Cystine, Equol, Ethanolamine, Ethylmalonic Acid, Formiminoglutamic Acid, Fructose, Fumaric Acid, g-Aminobutyric Acid, Glucaric Acid, Glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glutamine / Glutamate Ratio, Glutaric Acid, Glycine, Glycylproline, Hexanoylglycine, Hippuric Acid, Histidine, Homocitrulline, Homocystine, Homogentisic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxykynurenine, Hydroxyproline, Indoleacetic Acid, Isocitric Acid, Isoleucine/allo-Isoleucine, KT Ratio, Kynurenic Acid, Kynurenine, Lactic Acid, Leucine, Lysine, Malic Acid, Mandelic Acid, Methionine, Methylmalonic Acid, Microalbumin, Ornithine, Orotic Acid, Oxalic Acid, Phenylacetic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphate, Phosphoethanolamine, Picolinic Acid, Pimelic Acid, Proline, Pyridoxic Acid, Pyroglutamic Acid, Pyruvic Acid, Quercetin, Quinolinic Acid, Sarcosine, Serine, Suberic Acid, Suberylglycine, Succinic Acid, Sulfocysteine, Tartaric Acid, Taurine, Threonine, Total Branched Chain Amino Acids, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vannilylmandelic Acid, Xanthurenic Acid
