Cyst(e)ine

Optimal Result: 271 - 392 micromol/L.

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Lab Results Explained and Tracked

Cysteine is a nonessential sulfur-containing amino acid. It is obtained from the diet and is also endogenously made from cystathionine. Dietary cysteine sources include poultry, eggs, beef, and whole grains. [L]

Cysteine is an important glutathione component. Recent studies provide convincing data to support the view that cysteine is the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis in humans. [L] This conversion requires the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). Cysteine can alternatively be converted to taurine (another amino acid) and the organic acid pyruvate, which are used in the mitochondrial citric acid cycle and/or excreted in the urine. [L]

Cysteine metabolism can assist in the production of either glutathione or taurine. Lower plasma cysteine levels favor its utilization in glutathione formation during oxidative stress, given the importance of glutathione. Conversely, high levels of cysteine in the absence of oxidative stress favor its metabolism towards pyruvate and taurine. [L]

References:

Larsson SC, Hakansson N, Wolk A. Dietary cysteine and other amino acids and stroke incidence in women. Stroke. 2015;46(4):922-926. [L]

Lyons J, Rauh-Pfeiffer A, Yu Y, et al. Blood glutathione synthesis rates in healthy adults receiving a sulfur amino acid-free diet. Pro Nat Acad Sci. 2000;97(10):5071-5076. [L]

Stipanuk MH, Ueki I. Dealing with methionine/homocysteine sulfur: cysteine metabolism to taurine and inorganic sulfur. J Inher Metab Dis. 2011;34(1):17-32. [L]

Stipanuk MH, Coloso RM, Garcia RAG, Banks MF. Cysteine Concentration Regulates Cysteine Metabolism to Glutathione, Sulfate and Taurine in Rat Hepatocytes. J Nutr. 1992;122(3):420-427. [L]

Blom HJ, Smulders Y. Overview of homocysteine and folate metabolism. With special references to cardiovascular disease and neural tube defects. J Inher Metab Dis. 2011;34(1):75-81. [L]

DeStefano Vea. Linkage disequilibrium at the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) locus and the association between genetic variation at the CBS locus and plasma levels of homocysteine. Ann Human Genet. 1998;62(6):481-490. [L]

Obeid R. The metabolic burden of methyl donor deficiency with focus on the betaine homocysteine methyltransferase pathway. Nutrients. 2013;5(9):3481-3495. [L]

Stabler S, et al. Elevation of serum cystathionine levels in patients with cobalamin and folate deficiency. Blood. 1993;81(12):3404-3413 [L]

Lab Results Explained and Tracked

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What does it mean if your Cyst(e)ine result is too high?

- CBS SNP [L]

- Elevated SAM which directly upregulates CBS enzyme [L]

- High oxidative stress or inflammation [L]

- Zinc cofactor need for GSS enzyme

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What does it mean if your Cyst(e)ine result is too low?

Vitamin B6 cofactor need for the CBS and CTH enzymes [L]

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Cyst(e)ine

All Your Lab Results. One Simple Dashboard.

What does it mean if your Cyst(e)ine result is too high?

All Your Lab Results. One Simple Dashboard.

Import, Track, and Share Your Lab Results Easily

Import, Track, and Share Your Lab Results

What does it mean if your Cyst(e)ine result is too low?

Article Review & Sources

Bring All Your Lab Results Together — In One Place

Gather Your Lab History — and Finally Make Sense of It

Finally, Your Lab Results Organized and Clear

Advanced Plan

Unlimited Account

Pro Monthly

What's included in a Healthmatters membership

Import Lab Results from Any Source

See Your Health Timeline

Understand What Your Results Mean

Enter Your Lab Reports Yourself — Always Free Enter Your Lab Reports — Always Free

Visualize Your Results

Export Your Complete Lab History in a Single File Export Your Complete Lab History

Comprehensive Data Entry Service for Your Reports Data Entry Service for Your Reports

Securely Share With Anyone You Trust

Let Your Lab Results Tell the Full Story

Once your results are in one place, see the bigger picture — track trends over time, compare data side by side, export your full history, and share securely with anyone you trust.

Bring all your results together to compare, track progress, export your history, and share securely.

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All Your Lab Results.
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