Calprotectin, Fecal

Stool
Optimal Result: 0 - 50 ug/g.

Fecal calprotectin is a stool marker for intestinal inflammation, used to help distinguish inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), monitor disease activity, and guide further testing.

What is Fecal Calprotectin?

Fecal calprotectin is a protein released from neutrophils—a type of white blood cell—when the lining of the intestine is inflamed. Because it remains stable in stool and rises specifically with mucosal inflammation, it is widely used to differentiate inflammatory conditions (such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) from non-inflammatory conditions like IBS, monitor treatment response in known IBD, and help guide the need for endoscopy or further testing.

Reference Ranges for Fecal Calprotectin

Calprotectin (µg/g) Interpretation Recommended Follow-Up
<5–50 Normal None
>50–120 Borderline Repeat test in 4–6 weeks
>120 Abnormal Further evaluation as advised

Note: Your lab’s exact cutoffs may vary slightly; always interpret results in clinical context.

How to Read Your Result

  • Normal (<5–50 µg/g): Suggests no active intestinal inflammation. More consistent with functional disorders like IBS, food triggers, or motility issues than with IBD. If symptoms such as pain, bloating, or diarrhea persist, clinicians may explore dietary factors, microbiome causes, bile acid diarrhea, or pancreatic insufficiency.

  • Borderline (>50–120 µg/g): May indicate mild or transient inflammation due to recent infection, medication effects, strenuous exercise, or timing during a flare. A repeat test in 4–6 weeks is recommended. If symptoms persist or worsen, additional labs like CRP, stool pathogen tests, or celiac serology may be ordered.

  • Abnormal (>120 µg/g): Strongly suggests active intestinal inflammation. Common causes include IBD (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis), infections, ischemic colitis, NSAID-induced injury, and less commonly colorectal neoplasia. Next steps usually include repeating calprotectin to confirm trends, blood inflammation markers, stool studies, and possibly referral for endoscopic evaluation.

What Can Raise Fecal Calprotectin?

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (often correlates with disease activity)

  • Infectious colitis (e.g., bacterial like Campylobacter, Salmonella, C. difficile)

  • Medications like NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) and sometimes PPIs

  • Colorectal neoplasia or polyps (especially if inflamed or bleeding)

  • Diverticulitis, microscopic colitis, and celiac disease with active inflammation

  • Recent gastrointestinal bleeding or significant mucosal injury

What Usually Does Not Raise Fecal Calprotectin Much

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), lactose or FODMAP intolerance, and most functional GI symptoms without mucosal inflammation typically show normal levels.

Practical Tips for Accurate Testing

  • Stool consistency matters: watery stools can dilute calprotectin; try to provide a typical sample.

  • Medication management: discuss with your clinician before pausing NSAIDs for testing.

  • Timing: repeat borderline or fluctuating results as advised to monitor trends.

  • Trends over single values guide clinical decisions in known IBD.

When to Contact a Clinician Urgently

Seek prompt care if you have elevated calprotectin with symptoms such as:

  • Fever, unintentional weight loss, night symptoms, or persistent rectal bleeding

  • Severe abdominal pain, dehydration, or bowel obstruction signs

  • Recent travel, antibiotics, or immunosuppression combined with significant diarrhea

Common Questions

  • Is fecal calprotectin diagnostic for IBD?
    No, it is a screening and monitoring tool. Diagnosis requires endoscopy with biopsy.

  • Can it track treatment?
    Yes, falling levels often parallel healing, and rising levels may indicate relapse.

  • Are children's results different?
    Pediatric cutoffs vary by age. Use age-specific reference ranges and consult pediatric specialists.

  • What value counts as “high”?
    Labs flag >120 µg/g as abnormal. Higher values indicate higher inflammation risk, but clinical context directs care.

Action Checklist (Bring to Your Appointment)

  1. Your calprotectin result and test date

  2. Symptom log (onset, triggers, night symptoms, bleeding)

  3. List of medications, especially NSAIDs, PPIs, recent antibiotics, or biologics

  4. Any recent infections, travel, or dietary changes

  5. Previous GI test results (endoscopy, imaging, blood tests)

Frequently asked questions

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