HDL-3
HDL3-C subfractions are significantly and inversely associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting that HDL subfractions are likely more important than HDL-C in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Broadly, HDL can be distinguished into two subfractions, by density: HDL2 cholesterol (HDL2-C) and HDL3 cholesterol (HDL3-C). HDL3-C is well approximated by the sum of small and medium HDL particles (HDL-P), whereas HDL2-C correlates strongly with large HDL-P. There is no consensus, however, on the functions of HDL2-C and HDL3-C. Whereas some researchers have confirmed that large HDL-Ps have a protective effect on CHD, others recognized that the small, dense, protein-rich HDL-Ps display more potent atheroprotective properties than large, buoyant cholesterol-rich particles.
HDL3 carries enzymes that prevent oxidative stress and receives cholesterol from reverse cholesterol transport through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 mediators. Earlier studies that measured the cholesterol content of HDL subclasses using density gradient ultracentrifugation suggested that the large HDL2-C subfractions are better predictors of CHD. With the availability of newer HDL measures, however, more recent studies using the same separation technique have found that smaller HDL3-C subfractions play this role.
References:
Wang, F., Wang, X., Ye, P. et al. High-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol is a predictive factor for arterial stiffness: a community-based 4.8-year prospective study. Lipids Health Dis 17, 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0650-z
Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppänen K, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J. HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern Finnish men. Circulation. 1991 Jul;84(1):129-39. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.84.1.129. PMID: 2060089.
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What does it mean if your HDL-3 result is too high?
HDL3-C subfractions are significantly and inversely associated with arterial stiffness. HDL2-C subfractions are not associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting that HDL subfractions are likely more important in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Both total HDL and HDL2 levels have inverse associations with the risk of acute myocardial infarction and may thus be protective factors in ischemic heart disease, whereas the role of HDL3 remains equivocal.
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What does it mean if your HDL-3 result is too low?
HDL3-C subfractions are significantly and inversely associated with arterial stiffness. HDL2-C subfractions are not associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting that HDL subfractions are likely more important in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Both total HDL and HDL2 levels have inverse associations with the risk of acute myocardial infarction and may thus be protective factors in ischemic heart disease, whereas the role of HDL3 remains equivocal.
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