Protein Electrophoresis and Total Protein, Random Urine

This test is used to analyze the protein content in urine. The proteins are separated into 5 major components: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma. Interpretation of elevations, decreases, or visual changes in different components and/or associated patterns can provide information on various disease states, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, different types of kidney injury, plasma cell disorders, and cancers.

This panel is used to evaluate an individual with symptoms associated with potential monoclonal gammopathy, or when an individual has abnormally high total protein, albumin, or immunoglobulin levels. This test can help with initial diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease progression and treatment effectiveness.

Although a 24-hour UPEP is recommended for diagnosis and monitoring, sometimes a random UPEP is ordered at the discretion of the clinician to help guide the diagnostic process in the right direction. One advantage of a UPEP is that no special handling is required, which may be an important factor depending on clinical conditions.

Note: The results of this test should not be used in isolation; these results alone are not enough to make a diagnosis or for monitoring. UPEP results should be evaluated along with other laboratory, clinical, and imaging findings as appropriate. Additional testing, such as bone marrow studies, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), and immunofixation (IFE), may be required for comprehensive evaluation.